Cuidados paliativos em terapia intensiva: revisão integrativa / Palliative care in intensive care units: an integrative review / Cuidados paliativos en cuidados intensivos: revisión integradora

Resumo Trata-se de revisão integrativa com o objetivo de identificar decisões terapêuticas de cuidados paliativos em unidade de terapia intensiva. A busca foi realizada na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde com os descritores "cuidados paliativos", "unidades de terapia intensiva" e "atenção à saúde", e encontrou 1.579 pesquisas, das quais sete constituíram a amostra final. O material foi analisado por meio do software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires . Uma árvore de similitude foi produzida a partir dos principais resultados e dos vocábulos "paciente", "término", "família", "unidade de terapia intensiva", "cuidados paliativos", "hospital", resultando em duas categorias e quatro subcategorias. Na atualidade, com avanços das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e aumento da expectativa de vida, vislumbra-se a possibilidade de utilizar esses cuidados em grande escala, gerando melhorias na qualidade de vida, assistencial e acadêmica.

Abstract Our integrative review sought to identify therapeutic decisions for palliative care in intensive care units. Bibliographic search conducted on the Virtual Health Library using the descriptors "palliative care," "intensive care units" and "delivery of health care" returned 1,579 studies, of which seven were included in the final sample. Textual analysis was performed using the Iramuteq software. From the main results and words—"patient," "end of life," "family," "intensive care unit," "hospital"—we produced a co-occurrences tree, resulting in two categories and four subcategories. Currently, the spread of chronic noncommunicable diseases and increased life expectancy call for the large-scale use of this type of care, improving quality of life, care and academia.

Resumen Esta revisión integradora pretende identificar las decisiones terapéuticas de cuidados paliativos en una unidad de cuidados intensivos. La búsqueda se realizó en la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, con los descriptores "cuidados paliativos", "unidades de cuidados intensivos" y "cuidado de la salud", la cual resultó en 1.579 estudios, de los cuales siete compusieron la muestra final. Para el análisis del material se utilizó el software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires. Se elaboró un árbol de similitud desde los resultados principales y las palabras "paciente", "finitud", "familia", "unidad de cuidados intensivos", "cuidados paliativos", "hospital", lo que dio como resultado dos categorías y cuatro subcategorías. Teniendo en cuenta los actuales avances en las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y el aumento de la esperanza de vida, este tipo de cuidados puede utilizarse a gran escala, pues genera mejoras en la calidad de vida, asistencial y académica.

Cuidados paliativos e covid-19: percepção dos profissionais de saúde de unidade de terapia intensiva / Cuidados paliativos y covid-19: percepción de los profesionales de la salud de la unidad de cuidados intensivos / Palliative care and covid-19: perception of intensive care unit health professionals

Objetivos: apreender as percepções dos profissionais de saúde que atuam em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva sobre os cuidados paliativos na assistência aos pacientes com Covid-19. Método: estudo descritivo-exploratório, qualitativo, realizado com profissionais que atuavam em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital público. A coleta ocorreu em 2021, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os dados foram organizados e analisados mediante o software IRAMUTEQ®, considerando o referencial da Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: participaram 10 profissionais. Dos discursos emergiram três categorias: Ainda falta muito conhecimento: barreira para a implementação dos cuidados paliativos; Cuidado paliativo não é decreto de morte!: percepção ampliada do conceito; Ajuda a manter a dignidade da pessoa: cuidados paliativos no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19. Considerações finais: no contexto da pandemia, os profissionais sentiram insegurança e despreparo para implementação de cuidados paliativos, especialmente em decorrência do conhecimento incipiente, embora o compreendesse como importante ferramenta para manter a dignidade humana.

Objetivos: Comprender las percepciones de los profesionales de salud que actúan en Unidad de Terapia Intensiva sobre los cuidados paliativos en la atención a los pacientes con Covid-19. Método: estudio descriptivo-exploratorio, cualitativo, realizado con profesionales que actuaban en Unidad de Terapia Intensiva de un hospital público. La colecta tuvo lugar en 2021, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los datos fueron organizados y analizados mediante el software IRAMUTEQ®, considerando el referencial del Análisis de Contenido. Resultados: participaron 10 profesionales. De los discursos surgieron tres categorías: Aún falta mucho conocimiento: barrera para la implementación de los cuidados paliativos; Cuidado paliativo no es decreto de muerte!: percepción ampliada del concepto; Ayuda a mantener la dignidad de la persona: cuidados paliativos en el contexto de la pandemia de Covid-19. Consideraciones finales: en el contexto de la pandemia, los profesionales sintieron inseguridad y falta de preparación para la implementación de cuidados paliativos, especialmente en el marco del conocimiento incipiente, aunque lo comprendieran como una importante herramienta para mantener la dignidad humana.

Objective: to apprehend the perceptions of health professionals working in the Intensive Care Unit on palliative care in the care of patients with Covid-19. Method: descriptive-exploratory study, qualitative, conducted with professionals who worked in an Intensive Care Unit of a public hospital. The collection took place in 2021, through semi-structured interviews. The data were organized and analyzed using the IRAMUTEQ® software, considering the reference of Content Analysis. Results: 10 professionals participated. Three categories emerged from the speeches: There is still a lack of knowledge: barrier to the implementation of palliative care; Palliative care is not a death decree!: expanded perception of the concept; It helps maintain the dignity of the person: palliative care in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Final considerations: in the context of the pandemic, professionals felt insecurity and unprepared to implement palliative care, especially due to incipient knowledge, although they understood it as an important tool to maintain human dignity.

Association Between Socioeconomic and Demographic Characteristics and Non-fatal Alcohol-Related Injury in Maringá, Brazil.

Background: Previous research has corroborated a high burden of alcohol-related injury in Brazil and the presence of socioeconomic disparities among the injured. Yet, individual-level data is scarce. To fill this gap, we examined the association between demographic and socioeconomic characteristics with non-fatal alcohol-related injury in Maringá, Brazil. Methods: We used household survey data collected during a 2015 cross-sectional study. We conducted univariate and multivariate analyses to evaluate associations of demographic (age, gender, race) and socioeconomic characteristics (employment, education, income) with non-fatal alcohol-related injury. Results: Of the 995 participants who reported injuries, 62 (6.26%) were alcohol-related. Fifty-three (85%) alcohol-related injuries were reported by males. Multivariate analysis indicated being male (OR = 5.98 95% CI = 3.02, 13.28), 15-29 years of age (OR = 3.62 95% CI = 1.72, 7.71), and identifying as Black (OR = 2.38 95% CI = 1.09, 4.95) were all significantly associated with increased likelihood of reporting an alcohol-related injury, whereas unemployment was significantly associated with decreased likelihood of reporting an alcohol-related injury (OR = 0.41 95% CI = 0.18, 0.88). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that in Maringá, being male, between the ages of 15 and 29, employed, or identifying as Black were characteristics associated with a higher risk for non-fatal alcohol-related injury. Individual level data, such as ours, should be considered in combination with area-level and country-level data when developing evidence-based public-health policies.

Qualitative evaluation of trauma delays in road traffic injury patients in Maringá, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are the eighth leading cause of death worldwide, with an estimated 90% of RTIs occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) like Brazil. There has been minimal research in evaluation of delays in transport of RTI patients to trauma centers in LMICs. The objective of this study is to determine specific causes of delays in prehospital transport of road traffic injury patients to designated trauma centers in Maringá, Brazil. METHODS: A qualitative method was used based on the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) approach. Eleven health care providers employed at prehospital or hospital settings were interviewed with questions specific to delays in care for RTI patients. A thematic analysis was conducted. RESULTS: Responses to primary causes of delay in treatment to RTI patients fell into the following categories: 1) lack of public education, 2) traffic, 3) insufficient personnel/ambulances, 4) bureaucracy, and 5) poor location of stations. Suggestions for improvement in delays fell into the categories of 1) need for centralized station/avoid traffic, 2) improving public education, 3) Increase personnel, 4) increase ambulances, 5) proper extrication/rapid treatment. CONCLUSION: Our study found varied responses between hospital and SAMU providers regarding specific causes of delay for RTI patients; SAMU providers cited primarily traffic, bureaucracy, and poor location as primary factors while hospital employees focused more on public health aspects. These results mirror prehospital system challenges in other developing countries, but also provide solutions for improvement with better infrastructure and public health campaigns.